The local climate is mild with Mediterranean influences from the Po Valley, creating ideal conditions for agriculture and settlement. The earliest evidence of human presence in the Cavaion area dates back to the Middle Paleolithic period, with the discovery of worked stone tools on Monte San Michele. However, a more stable settlement developed during the Early and Middle Bronze Age (1800–1600 BC) near the small moraine lake of Ca’ Nova. Archaeological finds include ceramic fragments, terracotta and bronze objects, worked bone, amber and glass beads, and casting molds. The discovery of rural Roman villas and a necropolis near the ancient route connecting Lake Garda with the Claudia Augusta road (Bossema area) confirms the presence of scattered Roman settlements. After a brief Gothic presence, the territory became part of a Lombard arimannia during the 6th and 7th centuries, marked by the construction of the Bastia fortification on Monte San Michele. From the 9th century onward, under Frankish rule, the area was incorporated into the Gardesana judicial district.

From 1193 onward, the territory was administered by the Abbey of San Zeno, the Municipality of Verona, and several Veronese monasteries. During the 13th century, it became an autonomous municipality under the name Castelnuovo dell’Abate, with its own statute officially approved in 1260. In this period, the town’s urban layout began to take shape, reflecting the typical architectural elements of the time: stone tower houses arranged around courtyards, enclosed gardens, stone walls, and narrow pedestrian passages connecting the streets of the historic center. Starting in 1405, Venetian rule significantly boosted the local economy, strengthened by the establishment of a river port along the Adige in the Sega area. Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the Venetian villa tradition flourished across the territory, resulting in the construction of notable residences such as Palazzo Trombetta, Villa Cordevigo, Villa Bonazzo, and Palazzo Ravignani. With the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797 under Napoleon’s campaigns, Cavaion followed the political fate of the Veneto region, first coming under Austrian control and later becoming part of the Kingdom of Italy. In 1859, the municipality counted 1,330 inhabitants. During the 20th century, the town developed around Via Cavalline and Via Fracastoro. Following World War II, rapid urban and residential growth pushed the population past 4,000 in the early 21st century, and today it is approaching 6,000 residents.